Bonfire Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Night, is celebrated every year on the fifth of November to commemorate the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Millions of people across the UK gather to enjoy fireworks displays, bonfires and sparklers. However, behind the colourful celebrations are hidden dangers that can have serious consequences for people, animals and the environment.
Although Bonfire Night provides an opportunity for families and friends to come together, the celebrations can also lead to serious injuries. Fireworks can malfunction and cause severe burns, while sparklers can result in painful burns and eye injuries. Fireworks that land on buildings, gardens or other flammable materials can also spark fires. Alcohol consumption can further increase the risks, particularly when fireworks are handled irresponsibly.
Hospitals are preparing for an increase in patients with firework-related burns and injuries this week, following a 42% rise in admissions last November, according to NHS England. Some children have also suffered life-changing injuries, highlighting the potentially devastating consequences of unsafe firework use.
But it is not just people who are affected. Bonfire Night can also have a significant impact on animal welfare, with loud explosions and unexpected noises causing fear and distress for pets.
Around 40–45% of dogs show signs of fear or anxiety during fireworks season, according to figures attributed to the RSPCA. Dogs may hide, shake or attempt to run away, potentially putting themselves at risk of injury. Some animals can also develop longer-term fears, with their anxiety extending beyond fireworks to other loud noises, such as thunder.
Wildlife is also vulnerable during the celebrations. Hedgehogs and other small animals can seek shelter in piles of wood and leaves used for bonfires. If these piles are not checked before lighting, animals can become trapped and suffer serious injuries or even die.
The dangers extend beyond people and animals, with fireworks and bonfires also having an impact on the environment. Smoke and chemicals released during fireworks can contribute to air pollution, while leftover firework debris and litter can pollute streets, gardens and green spaces.
It is recommended to reduce risks; people should attend organised firework displays rather than trying to set fireworks off at home, following safety guidelines and keeping pets indoors.
As families prepare to celebrate this fifth of November, it is important to remember that what may be an enjoyable night for some can be frightening and dangerous for others.